Brief Introduction of Heat Pump

What Is a Heat Pump?

A heat pump is a device that transfers thermal energy from a heat source to a heat sink. Heat pumps can move thermal energy in a direction which is opposite to the direction of spontaneous heat flow. A heat pump uses energy to accomplish the desired transfer of thermal energy from heat source to heat sink.

How dose Heat Pump Work?

Heat pump system is an electrical device that extracts heat from one place and transfers it to another. The heat pump is not a new technology; it has been used in China and around the world for decades. Refrigerators and air conditioners are both common examples of this technology. Heat pumps transfer heat by circulating a substance called a refrigerant through a cycle of evaporation and condensation. A compressor pumps the refrigerant between two heat exchanger coils. In one coil, the refrigerant is evaporated at low pressure and absorbs heat from its surroundings. The refrigerant is then compressed en route to the other coil, where it condenses at high pressure. At this point, it releases the heat it absorbed earlier in the cycle.

Heat pumps are used to provide heating because less high-grade (i.e., low-entropy) energy is required for their operation, than appears in the released heat. Most of the energy for heating comes from the external environment, and only a fraction comes from electricity (or some other high-grade energy source). In electrically powered heat pumps, the heat transferred can be three or four times larger than the electrical power consumed, giving the system a Coefficient of Performance (COP) of 3 or 4, as opposed to a COP of 1 of a conventional electrical resistance heater, in which all heat is produced from input electrical energy.

Different Types of Heat Pumps

There are 2 main types of heat pumps which you could install in your home.
1. Air heat pump. With air source heat pumps there is no need to dig, drill or have a large plot of land. Instead, the energy is collected directly from the surrounding air using an externally located air module. This can be located up to 30 meters from the outside of the building and is then linked to a heat pump unit which is located indoors for maximum efficiency.

2. Geothermal heat pump. Ground heat pumps harness the stored solar energy from just beneath the ground surface, via a horizontal collector loop which is located at a depth of approximately one meter below ground level and at a distance of approximately. 75m apart. This is an ideal system for larger plots of land, with the exact area required being dependent upon the capacity of the heat pump required and the thermal conductivity of the soil in the specific location.

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